The jus commune Doctrine and the Formation of Public Law Institutions
https://doi.org/10.22394/2686-7834-2023-2-48-56
Abstract
This article considers the role of the jus commune doctrine in the process of formation of institutions of public law in the period 11th-17th century as a functionally organised construction of legal reality. The research is based on the communicative methodology of law and, on the grounds of the historical and legal facts, shows how the functions of the doctrine were manifested when jus commune influenced the medieval legal reality. It concludes that the jus commune doctrine, based on the axiomatic method, by interpreting the texts of Roman and canon law, filling legal gaps and eliminating contradictions in customary, canonical and positive law, made a significant contribution to the construction of the public law segment of legal reality — the institutions of public law.
About the Authors
S. V. LonskayaRussian Federation
Svetlana V. Lonskaya, Doctor of Science (Jurisprudence), Professor of the Educational and Scientific Cluster Institute of Management and Territorial Development
Kaliningrad
P. D. Novikov
Russian Federation
Petr D. Novikov, MA student of the High School of Law
Kaliningrad
References
1. Alekseev, S. S. Rise to The Right. Search for Solutions [Voskhozhdenie k pravu. Poiski i resheniya]. M.: NORMA [NORMA], 2001. 752 p. (In Rus.)
2. Berman, H. J. Law and Revolution. The Formation of the Western Legal Tradition. 2nd ed. M.: INFRA-M-NORMA [INFRAM-NORMA], 1998. 624 p. (In Rus.)
3. Boshno, S. V. The Concept of Legal Doctrine. Law and Modern States. 2022. No. 2-3. P. 35–45. (In Rus.)
4. Vasil’ev, A. A. Legal Doctrine as a Source of Law: Historical and Theoretical Issues [Pravovaya doktrina kak istochnik prava: istoriko-teoreticheskie voprosy]: dis. … of Candidate of Law Sciences (PhD). Krasnoyarsk, 2007. 200 p. (In Rus.)
5. Gilmullin, A. R. Legal Doctrine in the Mechanism of the Russian State: Scientific and Theoretical Analysis [Pravovaya doktrina v mekhanizme rossijskogo gosudarstva: nauchno-teoreticheskij analiz]. Scientific Notes of Kazan University. Ser. Humanities [Uchenye zapiski Kazanskogo universiteta. Ser. Gumanitarnye nauki]. 2017. No. 159 (2). P. 324–332. (In Rus.)
6. The Digests of Justinian [Digesty Yustiniana]. L. L. Kofanov (ed.). Vol. I. M.: Statut [Statut], 2002. 584 p. (In Rus.)
7. The Digests of Justinian [Digesty Yustiniana]. L. L. Kofanov (ed.). Vol. VII. Subvol. 2. M.: Statut [Statut], 2005. 564 p. (In Rus.)
8. Zacepin, A. M. Additional Qualifications of Crime: Doctrine and Practice [Dopolnitel’naya kvalifikaciya prestupleniya: doktrina i praktika]: dis. … of Doctor of Law Sciences (Dr. Sc.). Yekaterinburg, 2019. 490 p. (In Rus.)
9. The Institutes of Gaius. With an Explanatory Dictionary [Institucii Gaya. S ob”yasnitel’nym slovarem]. Issues 1-4. SPb.: M. M. Stasyulevich, 1887. 320 p. (In Rus.)
10. History of the State and Law of Foreign Countries [Istoriya gosudarstva i prava zarubezhnyh stran]. 2 vol. Vol. 1. O. A. Zhidkov and N. A. Krasheninnikov (ed.). 2nd ed. M.: NORMA [NORMA], 2004. 624 p. (In Rus.)
11. Carolina. Criminal Code of Karl V [Karolina. Ugolovno-sudebnoe ulozhenie Karla V]. Alma-Ata, 1967. 152 p. (In Rus.)
12. Korovin, K. S. Doctrinal Foundations for the Formation of Soviet Constitutionalism in the 1917–1918 s. [Doktrinal’nye osnovy formirovaniya sovetskogo konstitucionalizma v 1917–1918 gg.]: dis. … of Candidate of Law Sciences (PhD). Ekaterinburg, 2022. 212 p. (In Rus.)
13. Kotlyar, I. A. Jus Commune as a Medieval Model of the Common European Legal Order (XI–XIV centuries) [Jus commune kak srednevekovaya model’ obshcheevropejskogo pravoporyadka (XI–XIV veka)]: dis. … of Candidate of Law Sciences (PhD). M., 2011. 214 p. (In Rus.)
14. Madaev, E .O. Doctrine in the Judicial System of the Russian Federation [Doctrine in the legal system of the Russian Federation]: dis. … of Candidate of Law Sciences (PhD). M., 2012. 254 p. (In Rus.)
15. Malinovsky, A. A. Roman Jurisprudence: Methodology and Didactics. Russian law: education, practice, science [Rossijskoe pravo: obrazovanie, praktika, nauka]. 2017. No. 4 (100). P. 29–35. (In Rus.)
16. Marchenko, M. N. The System of Sources of Law [Sistema istochnikov prava]. M.: Prospekt [Prospekt], 2005. 115 p. (In Rus.)
17. Mihajlov, A. M. The Main Stages of the Genesis of Continental Legal Dogma [Osnovnye etapy genezisa kontinental’noj yuridicheskoj dogmatiki]. Law and politics [Pravo i politika], 2012.No. 11. P. 1875–1884. (In Rus.)
18. Muromcev, S. A. What is the Dogma of Law? [Chto takoe dogma prava?]. Legal Gazette [Yuridicheskij vestnik]. 1884. No. 4. P. 759–765. (In Rus.)
19. Poldnikov, D. Yu. Contract Law Doctrines Entered Europe in the 11th-18th Centuries [Doktriny dogovornogo prava Zapadnoj Evropy XI–XVIII vv.]. Moscow: National Research University Higher School of Economics, 2012. 366 p. (In Rus.)
20. Poldnikov, D. Yu. Formation of the Doctrine of the Contract in the Apparent Knowledge Intensity of Europe (XII–XVI centuries) [Formirovanie ucheniya o dogovore v pravovoj nauke Zapadnoj Evropy (XII–XVI vv.)]: dis. … of Doctor of Law Sciences (Dr. Sc.). M., 2016. 571 p. (In Rus.)
21. Poldnikov, D. Yu. Jus Commune Doctrine as a Formal Source of Law in Western Europe in the 12th and 13th Centuries. Law [Pravo]. Journal of the Higher School of Economics, 2013. No. 1. P. 64–80. (In Rus.)
22. Polyakov, A. V. The Principleof Mutual Legal Recognition: Russian Philosophicaland Legal Traditionanda Communicative Approach to Law. Proceedings of the Institute of State and Law of the RAS [Trudy instituta gosudarstva i prava RAN]. 2021. Ed. 16. No. 6. P. 39–101. (In Rus.)
23. Razuvaev, N. V. Legal Doctrine as a Means of Constructing Legal Reality. Theoretical and applied jurisprudence [Teoreticheskaya i prikladnaya yurisprudentsiya]. 2019. No. 1. P. 5–22. (In Rus.)
24. Savigny, F. K. fon. System of Modern Roman Law [Sistema sovremennogo rimskogo prava]. Vol. I. M.: Statut [Statut], 2011. 510 p. (In Rus.)
25. Chestnov, I. L. Actual Problems of the Theory of State and Law. Epistemology of state and law [Aktual’nye problemy teorii gosudarstva i prava. Epistemologiya gosudarstva i prava]. SPb.: SPb IVESEP, 2004. 63 p. (In Rus.)
26. Bar, L. von. Handbook of German Criminal Law [Handbuch des Deutschen Strafrechts ]. Berlin: Weidmann, 1882. 361 s. (In Deu.)
27. Bónis, P. The Self-Defense in the Tripartitum and the European Jus Commune. Journal on European History of Law, 2014. No. 5 (2). P. 80–84.
28. Canning, J. P. Law, Sovereignty and Corporation Theory, 1300–1450. The Cambridge History of Medieval Political Thought. J. H. Burns (ed.). Cambridge University Press, 1995. P. 454–476.
29. Decrees of The Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 1 (Nicaea I — Lateran V). SJ N. P. Tanner (ed.). Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1990. 655 p.
30. Die Register Innocenz III. 6: 6. Pontifikatsjahr, 1203/1204, Texte und Indices. Vienna: Verlag des Österreichischen Akademie des Wissenschaften, 1995. 485 s.
31. Fraher, R. M. The Theoretical Justification For the New Criminal Law of the High Middle Ages: “Rei Publicae Interest Ne Crimina Remaneant Impunita”. University of Illinois Law Review. 1984. No. 3. P. 577–595.
32. Johnston, D. The General Influence of Roman Institutions of State and Public Law. The Civilian Tradition and Scots Law. Aberdeen Quincentenary Essays. Ed.: D.L. Carey Miller, R. Zimmermann. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1997. P. 87–101.
33. Marongiu, A. Legislatori e giudici di fronte all’autorità dei giuristi. Studi di Storia e Diritto in onore di E. Besta. T. 3. Milano: Giuffrè, 1939. P. 441–464.
34. Pennington, K. Due Process, Community, and the Prince in the Evolution of the Ordo iudiciarius. Revista internazionale di diritto commune, 1998. No. 9. P. 9–47.
35. Pennington, K. The Prince and the Law 1200–1600: Sovereignty and Rights in the Western Legal Tradition. University of California Press, 1993. 352 p.
36. Schmoeckel, M. Humanität und Staatsraison: Die Abschaffung der Folter in Europa und die Entwicklung des gemeinen Strafprozeßund Beweisrechts seit dem hohen Mittelalter. Köln: Böhlau, 2000. 668 s.
37. Stein, P. Regulae Iuris. From Juristic to Legal Maxims. Edinburg: University Press, 1966. 179 p.
38. Van Damme, R. The Presumption of Innocence: An Antidote for Sacrificial Venom? Patterns of Girard’s “Primitive” Sacred in Late Medieval and Early Modern Criminal Law. Netherlands Journal of Legal Philosophy, 2016. No. 45 (1). P. 10–41.
39. West’s Encyclopedia of American Law. Ed.: J. Lehman, S. Phelps. Vol. 5 (2 ed.). Detroit: Thomson/Gale, 2005. 526 p.
40. Wieacker, F. Privatrechtsgeschichte der Neuzeit. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1967. 659 s.
Review
For citations:
Lonskaya S.V., Novikov P.D. The jus commune Doctrine and the Formation of Public Law Institutions. Theoretical and Applied Law. 2023;(2):48-56. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.22394/2686-7834-2023-2-48-56